Abstract
Investigations into the structure-activity relationships (SAR) of a series of phthalazine-based inhibitors of p38 are described. These efforts originated from quinazoline 1 and through rational design led to the development of a series of orally bioavailable, potent, and selective inhibitors. Kinase selectivity was achieved by exploiting a collection of interactions with p38alpha including close contact to Ala157, occupation of the hydrophobic gatekeeper pocket, and a residue flip with Gly110. Substitutions on the phthalazine influenced the pharmacokinetic properties, of which compound 16 displayed the most desirable profile. Oral dosing (0.03 mg/kg) of 16 in rats 1 h prior to LPS challenge gave a >50% decrease in TNFalpha production.
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Cells, Cultured
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Crystallography, X-Ray
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Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
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Humans
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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 14 / antagonists & inhibitors*
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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 14 / chemistry
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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 14 / metabolism
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Models, Molecular
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Molecular Structure
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Phthalazines / chemical synthesis
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Phthalazines / chemistry*
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Phthalazines / pharmacology*
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Protein Kinase Inhibitors / chemical synthesis
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Protein Kinase Inhibitors / chemistry*
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Protein Kinase Inhibitors / pharmacology*
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Quinolines / chemical synthesis
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Quinolines / chemistry
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Quinolines / pharmacology
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Rats
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Sensitivity and Specificity
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Structure-Activity Relationship
Substances
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Phthalazines
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Protein Kinase Inhibitors
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Quinolines
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phthalazine
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quinoline
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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 14